申論 1Please give the definitions of the following terminologies in English.（每小題5 分，共25 分）㈠Standing orders㈡Air draft㈢Controllable pitch propeller㈣Collision㈤Flotation center of a ship
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申論 2Please translate the following sentences into English.（25 分）負責航行當值之甲級海員應在駕駛台保持當值，且不論船長是否在駕駛台，應持續負責船舶安全航行，若船長特別告知已承擔航行職責，方得離開駕駛台。當值船副並應每隔適當時間使用船上任何可用之航儀，對所操縱之航向、船位以及航速予以核對，以確保本船依循預定航線航行。此外，當值船副需對於船上所有安全及航行設備之位置及操作方法具備充分之知識，並應了解這些設備操作上之限制。
申論 3Please translate the following sentences into Chinese.（25 分）According to the principles based on International Convention for the Safetyof Life at Sea (SOLAS) Chapter II-2, the requirements for the fixed CO fireextinguishing system in the engine room and cargo spaces are as follows.z The fixed fire extinguishing room is properly marked and in satisfactorycondition and readily accessible, and the ventilation is satisfactory.z The operating instructions of the fixed extinguishing system in anappropriate language are permanently posted.z The gas cylinders are complete, properly stowed and absence of corrosion.z The maintenance and service records, including the last service and thenext due pressure test, shall be available and readily to be examined.z The pipelines shall be in satisfactory order and have no heavy corrosion.z The audible alarm, including the time delay for the gas release, should betested at a regular interval.
申論 4According to IMO, an e-navigation concept can be defined as「the harmonizedcollection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of maritimeinformation on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth toberth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea andprotection of the marine environment」. Global Maritime Distress and SafetySystem (GMDSS) plays an important part in the ship/ shore communication.Please discuss the role of GMDSS in e-navigation and give your opinions inEnglish.（25 分）