申論 1請試述下列名詞之意涵：（可用中文或英文作答，每小題5 分，共30 分）㈠Gross Tonnage㈡Passenger Liners㈢Light Displacement㈣Traffic Separation Scheme㈤Propeller Cavitation㈥Dredging of Anchor
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申論 2英譯中：（每小題10 分，共40 分）㈠Coal is among the biggest commodities transported by the dry bulk shippingsector and European countries have already scaled back usage as they lookfor greener alternatives.㈡In 2020, global coal shipments amounted to an estimated 1.25 billion tons,with major producers Indonesia and Australia accounting for 59% of theseseaborne exports. Global coal shipments were estimated at 1.38 billion tonsin 2019.㈢Maersk is calling on the International Maritime Organization — shipping’sglobal regulator — to have a carbon dioxide tax for the industry ready by2025, likely starting at about $50 a ton, then ramping up to at least $150 aton in subsequent years. While the company is not able to officially submitplans to the watchdog, its size and importance will color the upcominginternational discussions.㈣Japanese coast guard ships and aircraft were searching on Friday for threemissing crew of a cargo ship that capsized and sank after a collision with aMarshall Islands-registered tanker in the Seto Inland Sea, authorities said.
申論 3中譯英：（每小題10 分，共30 分）㈠世界上最大的貨櫃船航運公司呼籲對航運燃料徵收每噸150 美元的碳稅，這將推高一個占世界貿易80%行業的成本。㈡該船原定於高雄港66 號碼頭靠泊，但當該船通過70 號碼頭時，與停泊在70 號碼頭的“永鴻船”（總噸位32,720）船頭相撞，其中一艘船頭輕微受損。碼頭邊的GC8 橋式起重機倒塌後，相鄰的GC6 起重機受損嚴重，共發生倒塌1 台，嚴重損壞但未倒塌1 台，損壞30-50 個貨櫃。㈢雖然遠洋輪船已經是最環保的交通方式，船舶仍占全球二氧化碳排放量的近3%。