申論 1I. Briefly describe in English what you know about each of the following countries:(8 pts each, 40 pts total)1. Guinea2. Australia3. Afghanistan4. North Korea5. IranII. Translate each of the following passages into Chinese1. California voters will decide whether to recall Gov. Gavin Newsom onTuesday, concluding an idiosyncratic election that has been held in the middleof a pandemic and closely watched as one of the first big indicators of thecountry’s political direction since President Biden took office.Democrats feel increasingly confident, predicting that Newsom will prevailand avert what would be a disaster for the party in California, the nation’smost-populous state. If Newsom is recalled, his likely replacement would beLarry Elder, a conservative talk radio host who has made a career bashingliberal causes.But the fact that the Democratic governor of a state Biden won by nearly 30percentage points is being forced to fight to hold on to his post has highlightedthe vulnerabilities of leaders who seemed well positioned before thecoronavirus pandemic.Democrats are trying to energize voters without former President Donald J.Trump on the ballot, and a loss — or even a narrow victory — would raisequestions about the political clout of Biden, who campaigned with Newsomon Monday night.The leading Republicans vying to replace Newsom have embraced Trumpand his baseless claims of a stolen election, an early signal of the party’sunwillingness or inability to distance itself from the former president.(30 pts)2. Facebook provided a data set to a consortium of social scientists last year thathad serious errors, affecting the findings in an unknown number of academicpapers, the company acknowledged on Friday.The company used a regular monthly call on Friday with roughly three dozenresearchers affiliated with Social Science One, a consortium founded in 2018that Facebook hails as a model for collaboration with academics, to admit theerror and apologize for the impact on their work.The data concerns the effect of social media on elections and democracy andincludes what web addresses Facebook users click on, along with otherinformation. The error resulted from Facebook accidentally excluding datafrom U.S. users who had no detectable political leanings — a group thatamounted to roughly half of all of Facebook’s users in the United States.Gary King, a Harvard professor who co-chairs Social Science One, saiddozens of papers from researchers affiliated with Social Science One hadrelied on the data since Facebook shared the flawed set in February 2020. Buthe said the impact could be determined only after Facebook providedcorrected data that could be reanalyzed.(30 pts)
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