申論 1Please rewrite the following news into a Chinese news paragraph of (about150-200 word). Please provide a headline and organize your writing intointroduction, body and conclusion.（30 分）“We are back to a cold-war mode,” says Norway’s Border Commissioner.The Arctic had been a rare area of successful co-operation between Russia and theWest, but now the fragile system that has made it stable and predictable is underthreat.“The cold winds in the north did not originate there,” quips Norway’sPrime Minister. “No issue, no region, no matter of co-operation is unaffectedby Ukraine,” he adds, “and what the full implications will be for the Arctic,we are yet to know the full extent.”Virtually all contact with Russia in the Arctic has now stopped. Of theeight Arctic states, five are members of NATO, and two, Finland and Sweden,have now applied to join. Russia is the eighth. The Arctic Council, the mainforum for dialogue among the eight, has been paused since March.For the moment, the other Arctic states are focusing on finding a way toresume co-operation among themselves, without Russia. The Arctic iswarming twice as fast as the global average and the Nordic countries, at least,consider collaboration on scientific research urgent.The war in Ukraine and the breakdown in Arctic dialogue could alsoexacerbate tensions caused by Russia’s growing military presence in theregion. Russian defense planning has preoccupied Scandinavian militarystrategists.
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申論 2Please rewrite the Chinese news paragraph into English (around 120-150words). Please provide a headline and organize your writing into introduction,body and conclusion.（40 分）美國勞工部6 月10 日公布5 月消費者物價指數（CPI）較去年同期飆升8.6%，通膨達40 年來新高，並無緩解跡象，主因仍在俄烏戰爭持續，造成能源與糧食價格上攀等供給面問題。外界關注中央銀行是否跟進美國腳步。專家解釋，升息讓房貸、車貸成本增加，若家庭支出增加幅度過大，勢必排擠其他消費，最後可能造成經濟衰退。國內應暫緩升息，畢竟疫情仍處高原期、內需衰退，升息打擊消費，與目前政府刺激消費政策抵觸。專家提醒，一旦美國產生消費排擠，臺灣出口將受劇烈影響，將壓抑消費、投資，此衝擊不容小覷。
申論 3Translate the following terms (from English to Chinese, from Chinese toEnglish) and briefly explain their meanings in English.（30 分）㈠Russia-Ukraine Attrition War㈡Crypto Currency㈢Supply chain disruption㈣新冠病毒普篩㈤超前部署