申論 1㈠請解釋標準差及標準誤。（10 分）㈡當要發表一研究論文，你會選擇報告標準差或標準誤？理由為何？（10 分）
本卷皆為申論題，點「看答案與解析」查看擬答。
弱點分析
未作答的題目不計分。看我的紀錄
申論 2某研究對國小學生作眼睛檢查，有效樣本為1000，2%學生有斜視。斜視的95%信賴區間（confidence interval，簡稱CI）應為多少？（20 分）
申論 3下表為來自某論文有關憂鬱傾向（Depression Inclination）與人格特質（Personality Traits）變項相關之研究結果，問其中有一嚴重的錯誤是？（10 分）Correlation Matrix among Depression Inclination and Personality TraitsDI PIP PPI PSI PSDDI 1.00 0.27* 0.38* 0.35* 0.37*– (0, .24) (.05, .29)(.04, .27)(.05, .28)PIP 0.27* 1.00 0.54* 0.51* 0.46*(0, .24) – (.14, .37)(.12, .35)(.09, .33)PPI 0.38* 0.54* 1.00 0.58* 0.61*(.05, .29) (.14, .37) – (.16, .39)(.18, .41)PSI 0.35* 0.51* 0.58* 1.00 0.58*(.04, .27) (.12, .35) (.16, .39)– (.16, .39)PSD 0.37* 0.46* 0.61* 0.58* 1.00(.05, .28) (.09, .33) (.18, .41)(.16, .39)–Abbreviations: DI: Depression Inclination; PIP: Interpersonal Problems;PPI: Persecutory Ideas; PSI: Social Introversion; PSD: Self Depreciation;*: significant at the 0.05 level.Each parenthesis indicates the 95% confidence interval for the correspondingcorrelation.
申論 4某公司員工使用四種中文輸入法（注音、倉頡、大易、速成）。使用四種中文輸入法的員工各隨機抽10 位，並記錄每分鐘打字數，其平均數+標準差分別為31+8、40+6、39+7、35+7。㈠問四種輸入法的輸入速度是否相同，設α（第一型誤差）= 0.05？（20 分）㈡針對㈠結果作一簡短討論，例如：需要進行後續統計分析、應考量那些可能影響因素？（5 分）
申論 5下表為來自某論文之實驗組與對照組在介入前後空腹血糖與糖化血色素之平均值比較的研究結果：㈠請說出其p 值採用何種統計檢定方法？（10 分）㈡並解釋結果及建議後續使用何種統計方法來釐清介入成效？（15 分）標準常態分佈表z 右尾機率 z 右尾機率 z 右尾機率 z右尾機率 z右尾機率 z 右尾機率t 分布 F 分布雙尾分子分母機率 自由度自由度α＝0.1 α＝0.05α＝0.025 α＝0.01α＝0.005右尾1 12 3.17655 4.74723 6.55377 9.3302 11.7542機率1 14 3.10221 4.60011 6.29794 8.8616 11.0603自由度 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0.0250.0051 18 3.00698 4.41387 5.97805 8.2854 10.218110 0.6998 0.8791 1.0931 1.3722 1.8125 2.2281 3.1693 1 120 2.74781 3.92012 5.15233 6.8509 8.17881 ∞ 2.71056 3.85077 5.03905 6.6603 7.914511 0.6975 0.8755 1.0877 1.3634 1.7959 2.2010 3.1058 2 10 2.92447 4.10282 5.4564 7.5594 9.42712 0.6955 0.8726 1.0832 1.3562 1.7823 2.1788 3.054513 0.6938 0.8702 1.0795 1.3502 1.7709 2.1604 3.0123 2 14 2.72647 3.73889 4.8567 6.5149 7.921614 0.6924 0.8681 1.0763 1.3450 1.7613 2.1448 2.9768 2 16 2.66817 3.63372 4.68667 6.2262 7.513815 0.6912 0.8662 1.0735 1.3406 1.7531 2.1314 2.9467 2 18 2.62395 3.55456 4.55967 6.0129 7.214816 0.6901 0.8647 1.0711 1.3368 1.7459 2.1199 2.920817 0.6892 0.8633 1.0690 1.3334 1.7396 2.1098 2.8982 2 24 2.53833 3.40283 4.31873 5.6136 6.660918 0.6884 0.8621 1.0672 1.3304 1.7341 2.1009 2.878419 0.6876 0.8610 1.0655 1.3277 1.7291 2.0930 2.8609 2282.502763.340394.220535.45296.440320 0.6870 0.8600 1.0640 1.3253 1.7247 2.0860 2.8453 2 30 2.48872 3.31583 4.18206 5.3903 6.354721 0.6864 0.8591 1.0627 1.3232 1.7207 2.0796 2.831422 0.6858 0.8583 1.0615 1.3212 1.7171 2.0739 2.8188 21002.356433.08733.828374.82395.589223 0.6853 0.8575 1.0603 1.3195 1.7139 2.0687 2.8073 2 120 2.34734 3.07178 3.80464 4.7865 5.539324 0.6849 0.8569 1.0593 1.3178 1.7109 2.0639 2.79692 ∞ 2.3079 3.00472 3.70252 4.6264 5.326525 0.6844 0.8562 1.0584 1.3164 1.7081 2.0595 2.787426 0.6840 0.8557 1.0575 1.3150 1.7056 2.0555 2.778727 0.6837 0.8551 1.0567 1.3137 1.7033 2.0518 2.770728 0.6834 0.8547 1.0560 1.3125 1.7011 2.0484 2.763329 0.6830 0.8542 1.0553 1.3114 1.6991 2.0452 2.756430 0.6828 0.8538 1.0547 1.3104 1.6973 2.0423 2.7500F 分布(續) X 2分布分子 分母 雙尾機率自由度 自由度 α＝0.1 α＝0.05 α＝0.025 α＝0.01 α＝0.005自由度0.50.40.30.2 0.1 0.050.010.0013 10 2.72767 3.70826 4.82562 6.5523 8.08073 12 2.60552 3.49029 4.47418 5.9525 7.22583 14 2.52222 3.34389 4.24173 5.5639 6.6804 2 1.3863 1.8326 2.4079 3.2189 4.6052 5.9915 9.2103 13.81553 16 2.46181 3.23887 4.07682 5.2922 6.3034 3 2.3660 2.9462 3.6649 4.6416 6.2514 7.8147 11.3449 16.26623 18 2.41601 3.15991 3.95386 5.0919 6.0278 4 3.3567 4.0446 4.8784 5.9886 7.7794 9.4877 13.2767 18.46683 20 2.38009 3.09839 3.8587 4.9382 5.81773 22 2.35117 3.04912 3.78289 4.8166 5.65243 24 2.32739 3.00879 3.72108 4.7181 5.5193 26 2.30749 2.97515 3.66974 4.6366 5.4091 7 6.3458 7.2832 8.3834 9.8032 12.0170 14.0671 18.4753 24.32193 28 2.2906 2.94669 3.62641 4.5681 5.317 8 7.3441 8.3505 9.5245 11.0301 13.3616 15.5073 20.0902 26.12453 30 2.27607 2.92228 3.58936 4.5097 5.2388 9 8.3428 9.4136 10.6564 12.2421 14.6837 16.9190 21.6660 27.87723 40 2.22609 2.83875 3.46326 4.3126 4.97583 60 2.17741 2.75808 3.34252 4.1259 4.7293 80 2.15355 2.71878 3.28408 4.0363 4.61133 100 2.13938 2.69553 3.24962 3.9837 4.5424 11 10.3410 11.5298 12.8987 14.6314 17.2750 19.6751 24.7250 31.26413 120 2.12999 2.68017 3.22689 3.9491 4.4972 12 11.3403 12.5838 14.0111 15.8120 18.5493 21.0261 26.2170 32.90953 ∞ 2.08928 2.6138 3.12918 3.8012 4.3048 13 12.3398 13.6356 15.1187 16.9848 19.8119 22.3620 27.6882 34.52824 10 2.60534 3.47805 4.46834 5.9943 7.34284 12 2.4801 3.25917 4.12121 5.412 6.52114 14 2.39469 3.11225 3.89191 5.0354 5.9984 16 15.3385 16.7795 18.4179 20.4651 23.5418 26.2962 31.9999 39.25244 16 2.33274 3.00692 3.72942 4.7726 5.6378 17 16.3382 17.8244 19.5110 21.6146 24.7690 27.5871 33.4087 40.79024 18 2.28577 2.92774 3.60834 4.579 5.3746 18 17.3379 18.8679 20.6014 22.7595 25.9894 28.8693 34.8053 42.31244 20 2.24893 2.86608 3.5147 4.4307 5.17434 22 2.21927 2.81671 3.44013 4.31343 5.016784 24 2.19488 2.77629 3.37936 4.21845 4.889784 26 2.17447 2.74259 3.32889 4.13996 4.785244 28 2.15714 2.71408 3.28632 4.07403 4.69771 21 20.3372 21.9915 23.8578 26.1711 29.6151 32.6706 38.9322 46.79704 30 2.14223 2.68963 3.24993 4.01788 4.62336 22 21.3370 23.0307 24.9390 27.3015 30.8133 33.9244 40.2894 48.26794 40 2.09095 2.60597 3.12611 3.82829 4.373784 60 2.04099 2.52522 3.00766 3.64905 4.139894 80 2.01649 2.48588 2.95036 3.56311 4.028514 100 2.00194 2.46261 2.91658 3.51268 3.96338 25 24.3366 26.1430 28.1719 30.6752 34.3816 37.6525 44.3141 52.61974 120 1.9923 2.44724 2.89431 3.47953 3.92065 26 25.3365 27.1789 29.2463 31.7946 35.5632 38.8851 45.6417 54.05204 ∞ 1.95049 2.38083 2.79859 3.33795 3.73905 27 26.3363 28.2141 30.3193 32.9117 36.7412 40.1133 46.9629 55.4760